@InCollection{SaleskaRochKruiNobr:2009:EcCaFl,
               author = "Saleska, Scott and Rocha, Humberto da and Kruijt, Bart and Nobre, 
                         Antonio",
                title = "Ecosystem carbon fluxes and amazonian forest metabolism",
            booktitle = "Geophysical Monograph Series 186: Amazonia and Climate Change",
            publisher = "American Geophyscial Union",
                 year = "2009",
               editor = "Keller, M. and Bustamante, M. and Gash, J. and Dias, P. S.",
                pages = "389--407",
              address = "Washington, DC",
             keywords = "Ecosystem, carbon fluxes, amazon.",
             abstract = "Long-term measurements of ecosystem-atmosphere exchanges of 
                         carbon, water, and energy, via eddy flux towers, give insight into 
                         three key questions about Amazonian forest function. First, what 
                         is the carbon balance of Amazon forests? Some towers give accurate 
                         site-specific carbon balances, as validated by independent 
                         methods, but decisive resolution of the large-scale question will 
                         also require integration of remote sensing techniques (to detect 
                         and encompass the distributionofnaturally induced disturbance 
                         states across the landscape ofoldgrowth forests) with eddy flux 
                         process studies (to characterize the association between carbon 
                         balance and forest disturbance states). Second, what is the 
                         seasonality of ecosystem metabolism in Amazonian forests? Models 
                         have historically simulated dry season declines in photo,synthetic 
                         metabolism, a consequence of modeled water limitation. Tower sites 
                         in equatorial Amazonian forests, however, show that photosynthetic 
                         metabolism increases during dly seasons ({"}green up{"}), perhaps 
                         because deep roots buffer trees from dry season water stress, 
                         while phenological rhythms trigger leaf flush, associated with 
                         increased solar irradiance. Third, how does ecosystem metabolism 
                         vary across biome types and laJ,id use patterns? As dry season 
                         length increases from equatorial forest, to drier southern 
                         forests, to savanna, fluxes show seasonal patterns consistent with 
                         increasing water stress, including a switch from dly season green 
                         up to {"}brown down.{"} Land use change in forest ecosystems 
                         removes deep roots, artificially inducing the same trend toward 
                         brown down. In the final part, this review suggests that eddy 
                         tower network and satellitebased insights into seasonal responses 
                         provide a model for detecting responses to extreme interannual 
                         climate variations that can test whether forests are vulnerable to 
                         model-simulated Amazonian forest collapse under climate change.",
          affiliation = "{University of Arizona} and {Universidade de S{\~a}o Paulo (USP)} 
                         and {Wageningen University and Research Center} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                 isbn = "9780875904",
                label = "lattes: 7168284647925847 3 MelackVictToma:2009:KeFiPe",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "sakeska.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}